COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS IN THE WEST NILE VIRUS MUTANT SWARM

Cooperative interactions in the West Nile virus mutant swarm

Abstract Background RNA viruses including arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) exist as highly genetically diverse mutant swarms within individual hosts.A more complete understanding of the phenotypic correlates Butters of these diverse swarms is needed in order to equate RNA swarm breadth and composition to specific adaptive and evolutionary outc

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Chronic headache and obstructive hydrocephalus: A case of pilocytic astrocytoma in the third ventricle with detailed radiological and histopathological findings

Pilocytic astrocytoma is a Mower Belts benign, slow-growing tumor classified as a WHO Grade I glioma, commonly affecting children and young adults.This case highlights the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a third-ventricle pilocytic astrocytoma and its management through endoscopic resection.An 18-year-old female presented

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Serum neopterin concentrations and tryptophan degradation pattern in patients with late stage larynx carcinoma

As the disease-free 5-year-survival of late stage laryngeal carcinoma patients is extremely low, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO)-induced tryptophan degradation may represent an immune escape mechanism which plays an important role in cancer spreading in advanced stage laryngeal cancers.We examined whether the late Rosin Core Solder stage laryng

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Pangolins Lack IFIH1/MDA5, a Cytoplasmic RNA Sensor That Initiates Innate Immune Defense Upon Coronavirus Infection

Zoonotic infections are an imminent threat to human health.Pangolins were recently identified as carriers and intermediate hosts of coronaviruses.Previous research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate Rosin Core Solder immune response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), also k

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